Introduction Overview of register theory
Register theory of language function of linguistics master Halliday important ideas. In his view, the language always occurs in a certain
context, and in certain context to be understood and explained. British anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski into the context of cultural
context and situational context. The former refers to the speaker's social culture, which refers to the speaker actually involved in what
happened, that is, the actual language of the environment occurs. Halliday these two concepts linked with the language system, that language
is a set of optional speaker system, and cultural context is the decision to choose this system, the environment, to reflect the genre, and
situational context is of the system's choice of a specific environment to achieve by the Register. Cultural context in which the whole
language system determines that the speaker can say in the words of culture, and situational context is determined by the speech of a
specific scenario in the real say. Cultural context (genre) by the specific situational context (language domain) by expression of the common
cultural context and situational context mapped to the lexical grammar. Context, genre, register and Language can be intuitively expressed
as: Cultural Context → Context → Genre → scenarios → Register → lexical grammar of discourse meaning.
Halliday will determine the situational context (language domain) factors grouped into three variables: language field, tenor and mode.
Language field of language occurred at a time, place, topic and purpose of such communication, according to subject can be divided into
different disciplines, fields, industry, language domain. Tenor refers to the role of communicative relationship between the participants,
including their social status and interpersonal attitudes. Tautology refers to the language of communication channels or media and rhetoric,
the body can be divided into written and spoken body, formal and informal language body language body, such as natural language and
artificial language. Register in any of the three variables change, the domain will lead to pragmatic change. Register is not vague, but any
text can be found in specific language domains mark. Main implication of these signs in the lexical grammar layer.
Register-based news translation theory
Translation as intercultural communication, translation purposes in accordance with its mandate to facilitate the interpretation of the
language processing methods, with the source language the target language the information carried in whole or in part, presented to the
target audience. Because the source language and target language in different symbol systems, communication between the role of changes in
different cultural and ideological, translation and the original purpose and there may be communication line such as non-communicative
function of many complex factors, leading to the source text in the target language Register variation occurs. Thus, in the original
translation and the translation must be the language of the domain variables for comparative analysis to identify both the surface in the
lexical grammar (Register mark) on the similarities and differences, on the basis of the translation strategy using reasonable purpose of
generating consistent translation , accepted for the target language translation of the reader. This inquiry is not a specific translation
methods, but in vocabulary and sentence two perspectives as a starting point, using language domain analysis methods, combined with the
nature and characteristics of news discourse, through the English translation of typical examples to tease out the need to look at news
translation Several issues, trying to initiate translation of the press want to benefit.
Concerned about the meaning of the words style. News text drawn extensive, including current affairs politics, technology news, sports news,
economic news, and rich in content and style mixed. In order to attract the reader's eye, to expand its influence, great emphasis on words
polish news reports, there are many brilliant image of the word, given the unique style of writing news genre. Therefore, in news
translation, unless the original and asked different communicative purposes, should pay close attention to the style of word meaning, as long
as the target language to find the source language words or replace the language of the other language, imitation can be literal or
translated, as far as possible translated by Chuang Chuang, the harmonic harmonic translation, to maximize the reproduction of the source
text's language style. The following sports news to see a translation of examples:
Example 1. Original: After the championships with the Chicago Bulls, a second gold medal with the US team at the 1992 Olympics, and all the
accolades the game can bestow, Jordan felt his motivation slipping away.
Mr A: play the Chicago Bulls have three championships, played in the United States finished second in 1992 Olympic Games gold medals, and
access to basketball can give all the honor, Jordan said he was in the dissipated power play.
Mr B: Prior to joining the Chicago Bulls, which won the Triple Crown, entered the U.S. team Olympic gold in 1992, re, and the awards include
basketball, Jordan has felt the power play to fade.
This case the same field of translation and the original language, the theme of a major sports news, the communicative intent is to create
something new, caused a great sensation. Although the difference in tenor, the original communication party for the press release and the
English readers, asked for news publishers communication side and Chinese readers, but are reflected in the press release by the majority of
basketball fans and the relationships between equality. Identical to the Chinese and English languages are written. Here "accolades",
"bestow" and "slipping away" clever use of novel. "Accolades" means "honor," "reward", "the award ceremony of knighthood," and so on.
"Bestow" implies a significant honor or award of incentives. "Slipping away" usually means "time imperceptibly past." To achieve the
communicative intent of the original, discarded "honor", "give", "disappearing" and other common words, but bold use of vivid language easy
to understand (language style), fully embodies the sports news "sensational divergent" in style. A Although there is no translation error
translation, translation is still smooth, but does not reflect the language sports news domain features. The new wording of Mr B, such as
"which won the Triple Crown," "include", "to fade" to strengthen the effect of publicity, just fit with the original vocabulary.
Term cultural and political connotations discernment. No lack of cultural and political terms news. Inherent differences between the English
culture, the same words in two languages in the delivery of cultural content hosted often very different. Therefore, the process of
translation in the news culture should be carefully considered words, according to the tenor of the changes in the target language accurately
with appropriate expression of its true meaning, must not the words too literally. In addition, the news genre of political news principled,
and politically strong, careless translation. Necessary, refer to the tenor and communicative purpose of language change in the field of
political words do "betrayal of type" translation, avoid making political mistakes. The following two examples for language translation
comparative analysis of the domain, would like to receive piece of a jigsaw effect.
Example 2. Original: Before the liberation, the Chinese people to live life like a beast of burden. Today, the dragon is on the rise, rapid
economic development.
PRESIDENT: The Chinese led a hard and miserable life before liberation. Today, Great China is rising and its economy is progressing with each
passing day.
In this case the original appeared in a newspaper Economic News, asked from the author's hands. Language translations of the original field
variables and comparison found that the same language field, talking about the Chinese economy, the purpose of communication to the world
that China's economy is from weak to strong, but the tenor has changed the original communication side to essays draft people and Chinese
readers, and asked for the writer and the West side communicative English readers to understand. For the background level of the Chinese
economy a huge new and old contrast, the original use of the "beasts of burden, like" and "dragon" two cultural expressions, using the
rhetoric of metaphor and simile (language style). In Chinese culture, the cattle's life miserable, but in the Western view, the critter was
in a carefree life of ease. Dragon mythical creature in Chinese culture represents a powerful force, and in Western eyes is a symbol of evil.
Because of cultural differences of language, in order to avoid causing misunderstanding literal translation, but under the language style of
the translation was adjusted, that is truncated compared with the paraphrase accurately convey the intent of the law.
Example 3. Text: "The international community is expected to give Yugoslavia until Wednesday to accept a peace proposal on Kosovo after the
breakdown of negotiations in Paris." Diplomatic sources said yesterday.
PRESIDENT: diplomat said yesterday: "After the failure of the Paris negotiations, is expected to ask NATO to accept the former Yugoslavia on
Wednesday issued an ultimatum to the Kosovo issue."
This is part of a Western political news telecommunications news agency, translation is added by the author. Reflects the original tenor of
Western news agencies and the Western mass equal relationship between the reader. Language topic is Kosovo Field, the purpose of
communication is the Western media in the West people to keep abreast of the latest situation at the same time, hoping to win their support
for the war of aggression is about to erupt. Tautology is the usual news written. The tenor of translations of Western news agencies and
communication both Chinese public. Although the topic of language in the same field, but because of Chinese and Western political stance of
the opposition, the purpose of communication is forced to change the translator to allow Chinese people to know the latest situation at the
same time, but also to understand the truth. Language style as well as news written translation. Learn the history of the people know, the
US-led NATO, not Gu Zhengyi voice strong opposition to intervene the internal affairs of Yugoslavia, Kosovo, launched a brutal war,
indiscriminate bombing of Yugoslavia, injury of innocent civilians is completely contrary to international law, acts of aggression. But
Western news agencies to achieve their communicative purpose, went so far as to deceive the public, substitution of political words, the
"NATO" and the "international community" (international community) is equivalent to it, it seems that the international community to fully
stand on the NATO side. Issued an ultimatum to the Yugoslav obviously, a sovereign nation with the threat of force, said to be "peace
proposal" (peace proposal). The tenor and language translation site different from the original purpose of communication, in order to avoid
making a political mistake, did not use the words of the original political literal way, repeated the baseless assertion, but with the
objective to correct words, but also the fact that the original feature.
Britain sentences to achieve a reasonable translation conversion. Because of different historical and cultural origins, Chinese and English
formed their own mindset and organizational model sentences. Good image of Chinese thinking, re-Parataxis (Parataxis), sentence composition
and less convergence between the sentence used to link words, light on the fine analysis of the sentence elements, emphasis on mastery of the
statement, with the experience and context to the Italian context and the supplementary statement in its entirety. English is longer than the
form of logic, re-shaped joint (Hypotaxis), the convergence between the sentence and the sentence often used adhesive words, the pursuit of
form tag, pay attention to coherence and cohesion, the logical relationship between the sentence and the sentence of sentence meaning clear.
News reports in the limited time and space required to pass accurate information, requiring language highly concentrated. English News full
play to "tree" language of the unique advantages of highly concentrated basic sentence patterns of English sentences are often extended in
the form SV or SVO, prepositional fully expanded, non-verb structure, attributive clause and adverbial clauses. In particular, the news is
the official body, such as political news, technology news, often based on the SV or SVO connection means through a variety of complex
sentence structure, reasonable, logical reasoning closely, highlighting the language style of the grave. In contrast, Chinese press, in
particular, the official Chinese news genre, although there is no lack of long sentences, but more orderly arranged with the lack of bonding,
but the phrase, which means the performance of combined features of the language thoroughly. Therefore, in news reports in the English
translation process, according to adjusted for change in the tenor of the sentence (language style), the only way to meet the target language
used to produce, easy to understand for the reader or listener a good translation. See the following example:
Example 4. Original: These reforms involve adjustments in rural production relationships, but also directly touch on changes in the rural
superstructure, meaning more profound, work more difficult, we must unswervingly push forward.
PRESIDENT: These reforms require adjustments in rural production relationships and directly involve changes in the rural superstructure,
which makes such changes profoundly significant and difficult to achieve.However, we must unwaveringly implement them.
This theme of political news site focused language reform in rural China, the central purpose of communication is to promote the imminent
implementation of major reform initiatives. Tenor of the communication party is the sound decision-making on behalf of the State Xinhua News
Agency and China's vast population. Tautology is a serious and formal body. Original contains five clauses, involving two topics, the first
four clauses to "reform" as the topic, the last little sentence to "the attitude of the reform" as the topic, although there is no use to
link words, but between the two topics transition between implicit and fully demonstrated the Chinese "Ideas" features. Language translation
and the original field of the same, but the tenor changed communication party, and Xinhua News Agency and English-speaking foreigners
interested in China affairs. To meet the English "Forms" in the language of the statute, asked for changes in the tenor of the language style
of the sentence to the corresponding changes to the original sentence of five small water are integrated into a master-slave complex
sentences and a simple sentence, by "such "," them "take care of before the word, use" which "," However "sentence and the sentence to
achieve international connections, reflecting the original primary and secondary semantics, logic, and Cohesion in English" Forms "feature.
Conclusion
This article from the Register Halliday theory, an example of how to use language translation of the domain analysis in response to news of
several translation issues of concern. Of particular note is the focus and purpose of this paper is not to micro-specific translation
methods, but analysis proved Register has a unique translation in the news and scientific macro guide. Language translation of the above
examples of domain analysis, several conclusions can be obtained: First, register for comparative analysis is the basis and premise of news
translation, translation methods for the development of specific guidance framework. Second, the language field, tenor and mode three
variables related to interaction and Building News of the genre Register style and syntax of the language ultimately reflected in the lexical
layer. Third, news translation language translation of the original and the general theme will remain the same field, but the communicative
purpose of language games may change, language aims to inevitable variations, which need to adjust the translation of the language style,
including word choice and modified, sentence, coherence and cohesion. Therefore, Halliday's register theory, and language translation of
domain analysis is important for the press guide. (In Fuqing is associate professor of Tangshan College East Campus, translation, MA; Su Xue
Lei lecturer for the Department of Foreign Languages of Tangshan College, MA)
